Using Brackets (...)

Using Round Brackets (Parentheses)

Round brackets are mostly used for inserting additional information into text. The additional information is usually an afterthought or an expansion or clarification of something recently mentioned. The big question with brackets is where to put the end punctuation. Does it go inside or outside the brackets? (There is more on that below and in this lesson on using round brackets.) For brevity, round brackets can be used to show a plural option alongside a singular one. For example:

• Do not remove the pin(s) while the light is on.

Using Round Brackets for Additional Information

Round brackets can be used to insert an afterthought or to expand or clarify something nearby (usually the text immediately preceding). Although the most common type of parentheses, brackets are just one of the choices of parentheses. Commas and dashes can also be used. The advantage of using brackets is they are easy to spot. The disadvantage is they tend to make writing look a little informal. Brackets and the information inside can usually be removed from the text without any loss of meaning. When using brackets, the positioning of end punctuation (usually a period / full stop ) follows logic. For example:

• She will ride a pony (but not a Dartmoor pony).

• In this example, the end punctuation belongs to the main sentence not to the parenthesis, i.e., the bit in brackets.

• She will ride a pony. (However, she will not ride a Dartmoor pony.)

• In this example, the end punctuation belongs to the parenthesis.

• She will ride a pony (She told me yesterday) but not a Dartmoor pony.

• In this example, the parenthesis is a standalone sentence within another sentence. When this happens, for readability, it is okay to omit the end punctuation.

Using Round Brackets to Denote Singular or Plural

For brevity, round brackets can be used to show a plural option. For example, instead of writing your guest or guests, it is possible to write your guest(s). More examples:

• Remove the sheet(s) so the air can flow freely

• Please append the name of your guest(s) to the list.

Read more on using round brackets

Using Square Brackets

Square brackets [ ] are usually used to make a quoted text more understandable. They are used to either explain or replace words within a quotation. Also, square brackets are used with the term [sic] to show the text is how the original author wrote it. They are also used with ellipsis [匽 to show that some text has been removed.

Using Square Brackets to Make the Text Clearer

Square brackets can be used to add explanatory information to a quotation. For example:

• If you don't like them [my principles], well, I have others.

They can also be used to replace parts of a quotation to make it clearer. For example:

• If you don't like [my principles], well, I have others.

Using Square Brackets with [sic]

The term "[sic]" (which comes from the Latin sic erat scriptum, meaning thus was it written) is often seen with square brackets. It is used to show that the text written is the work of the original author. For example:

• In your statement, you wrote: "I appraised [sic] him of the situation at about 4 o'clock."

• (In this example, the writer is using [sic] to show that the word appraised was used by the original author. Obviously, it should have been apprised, not appraised. The term [sic] is often used to show a grammar error in quoted text was the originator's mistake and not the quoter's.)

Using Square Brackets with [...]

Ellipsis (three dots) are often written with square brackets. It is used to show that text has been omitted. Compare these two quotes:

• I don't want any yes-men around me. I want everybody to tell me the truth even if it costs them their jobs.

• I don't want any yes-men around me [...] even if it costs them their jobs.